Different Instructional Design Models and Their Uses

Different educationalists have come up with their models for creating a training program, assessing the training outcome, or managing the development cycle. Some companies use them individually and some use a combination of models that suit their approach. Here I am providing a list of models used or considered in a training content development process.

ADDIE Model

ADDIE stands for: 

1. Analysis
2. Design
3. Development
4.  Implementation
5. Evaluation

Usage: This is a basic model useful for product development cycle. It marks the beginning and end of a course or curriculum.

Backward Design model

This model has three stages:

1.  Desired results
2.  Assessment Evidence
3.  Learning Plan

Usage: This model is useful for creating learning plans and curriculum. 

   Dick and Carey’s Model

This model has nine stages.

Usage: This model is used for designing individual courses.

4C/ID-model

This model has four components. 

1. Learning Tasks 
2. Supportive Information
3. Just in Time (JIT) Information 
4. Part-task Practice  

Usage: This is a model useful for designing the individual courses. 

ARCS model

This model has four components which must be considered while designing instructional strategies.

1. Attention
2. Relevance
3. Confidence
4. Satisfaction

Usage: This model is used for designing individual courses. This vaguely falls in line with the Gagne's Nine Events model.

Kirkpatrick Model

This model contains four levels:

1. Reaction
2. Learning
3. Behavior
4. Results

Usage: This model is used for measuring the effectiveness of the training in an objective way.