Different Instructional Design Models and Their Uses

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Different educationalists have come up with their models for creating a training program, assessing the training outcome, or managing the development cycle. Some companies use them individually and some use a combination of models that suit their approach. Here I am providing a list of models used or considered in a training content development process.

ADDIE Model

ADDIE stands for: 
  1. Analysis
  2. Design
  3. Development
  4.  Implementation
  5. Evaluation
Usage: This is a basic model useful for product development cycle. It marks the beginning and end of a course or curriculum.

 Backward Design model
This model has three stages:
  1.  Desired results
  2.  Assessment Evidence
  3.  Learning Plan
Usage: This model is useful for creating learning plans and curriculum. 

       Dick and Carey’s Model

    This model has nine stages.

    Usage: This model is used for designing individual courses.




    4C/ID-model

    This model has four components. 
    1. Learning Tasks 
    2. Supportive Information
    3. Just in Time (JIT) Information 
    4. Part-task Practice  
    Usage: This is a model useful for designing the individual courses. 

     ARCS model
    This model has four components which must be considered while designing instructional strategies.


    1. Attention
    2. Relevance
    3. Confidence
    4. Satisfaction
    Usage: This model is used for designing individual courses. This vaguely falls in line with the Gagne's Nine Events model.

     Kirkpatrick Model

    This model contains four levels:

    1. Reaction
    2. Learning
    3. Behavior
    4. Results


    Usage: This model is used for measuring the effectiveness of the training in an objective way.





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